Future Perfect
The future perfect tense is used to talk about actions which will be completed by a certain point in the future, this tense must always include a deadline. The future perfect may be formed with the modal verb -will or the structure "be going to". This tense requires the auxiliary verb -have in it's infinitive form to be combined with the past participle of a verb. The past participle form of regular verbs are formed by adding -ed or -d (if the regular verb ends in an -e) to their infinitive form, the simple past form and past participle form of all regular verbs end in -ed. The simple past form and the past participle form of irregular verbs must be memorized as there are no general rules that apply for how they are formed.
This tense is used to:
1) To talk about actions that will be completed before a deadline.
Time Expressions
The future perfect tense must be used with deadlines, a deadline is specific point in time in the future before which the action in the future perfect must be completed. Here are some examples of how to express deadlines.
Formation - Affirmative Statements and Questions
Affirmative statements in the future perfect tense are formed with the modal verb -will followed by the infinitive form of the verb -have and the past participle of a verb. Modal verbs are not conjugated depending on the subject, they remain the same for all subjects and they have their own negation and question forms that do not require the verb -do. There is also a second way to form the future perfect tense with the structure "be going to" followed by the infinitive form of the verb -have and the past participle of a verb , this phrase requires the verb -be to agree with the subject, it is used more in conversation and is generally more informal. The modal verb -will is generally more appropriate when expressing facts while the structure "be going to" is more appropriate when expressing decisions and intentions. Questions are formed by placing the modal verb -will before the subject followed by the infinitive form of the verb -have and the past participle of a verb , alternatively questions may be formed with the structure "be going to" in which case the verb -be is placed before the subject followed by "going to", the infinitive form of the verb -have and the past participle of a verb.
Will
Structure used to form affirmative statements in the future perfect tense
Subject + will have + past participle of a verb
Structure used to form affirmative questions in the future perfect tense
Will have + subject + past participle of a verb?
Examples:
Ex: I'll have finished beating the game by midnight.
Ex: They will have waited for 3 hours at 3pm.
Ex: Will you have paid your tuition before the beginning of the fall?
Ex: Reports are due next week, but he will have written it by Friday.
Be going to
Structure used to form affirmative statements in future perfect
Subject + (am / is / are) going to have + past participle of a verb
Structure used to form affirmative questions in the future perfect
Am / Is / Are + subject + going to have + past participle of a verb?
Examples
Ex: I'm going to have negotiated 3 contracts before the end of the week.
Ex: Is Martha going to have handed in the form by tomorrow?
Ex: They are going to have already left on the 15th.
Ex: We're going to have traveled to 4 towns when our vacation ends.
Formation - Negative Statements & Questions
Negative statements in the future perfect tense are formed with the modal verb -will followed by the adverb -not, infinitive form of the verb -have, and the past participle of a verb. Modal verbs are not conjugated depending on the subject, they remain the same for all subjects and they have their own negation and question forms that do not require the verb -do. There is also a second way to form the future perfect tense with the structure "be going to" followed by the adverb -not, the infinitive form of the verb -have and the past participle of a verb, this structure requires the verb -be to agree with the subject, it is used more in conversation and is generally more informal. The modal verb -will is generally more appropriate when expressing facts while the structure "be going to" is more appropriate when expressing decisions and intentions. Questions are formed by placing the modal verb -will before the subject followed by the adverb -not, the infinitive form of the verb -have and the past participle of a verb, alternatively questions may be formed with the structure "be going to" in which case the verb -be is placed before the subject followed by the adverb -not, the infinitive form of the verb -have and the past participle of a verb. Negative questions are meant to express surprise, confirm information, or encourage agreement.
Will
Structure used to form negative statements in the simple future
Subject + will not / won't + infinitive form of a verb
Structure used to form negative questions in the simple future
Will + subject + infinitive form of a verb?
Examples
Ex: I won't have opened the store at 9am.
Ex: They will not have reached the top of the mountain before the sun sets.
Ex: Won't you have launched your website in October?
Ex: The laptop won't have fully charged in half an hour.
Be going to
Structure used to form negative statements in the simple future
Subject + am / is / are + not going to + infinitive form of a verb
Structure used to form negative questions in the simple future
Am / Is / Are + subject + going to + infinitive form of a verb?
Examples
Ex: I'm not going to have tried all the samples before we leave.
Ex: Aren't they going to have ridden to Illinois by this Thursday?
Ex: The roadwork is not going to have been completed in 2 weeks.
Ex: Mark isn't going to have retired before he turns 70.
Simple Future uses
To talk about actions that will be completed before a deadline
Will
Examples
Ex: I'll have seen all the batman movies when I finish watching the latest one.
Ex: James will have run 30 laps before he finishes.
Ex: Won't Johnny have gotten married in a month?
Ex: We will have sold all our products by the beginning of the Summer.
Ex: Will you have created your new app before you meet with them?
Ex: They'll have escaped by the time the cops get there.
Ex: He'll have fully recovered before the next tournament.
Ex: It will have snowed over twenty times when the winter ends.
Be going to
Examples
Ex: I'm going to have seen all the batman movies when I finish watching the latest one.
Ex: James is going to have run 30 laps before he finishes.
Ex: Isn't Johnny going to have gotten married in a month?
Ex: We are going to have sold all our products by the beginning of the Summer.
Ex: Are you going to have created your new app before you meet with them?
Ex: They're going to have escaped by the time the cops get there.
Ex: He's going to have fully recovered before the next tournament.
Ex: It is going to have snowed over twenty times when the winter ends.
Note: English speakers often say -gonna instead of -going to, this is informal.
Note: There is no difference in meaning between the contractions and alternate contractions.
Note: Negative questions are usually asked with contractions especially in spoken English.
Note: Native English speakers often say "gonna" instead of "going to", this is informal.
Note: Negative questions are usually asked with contractions especially in spoken English.